Representation of TV drama:
Representation in media can be both positive and negative and can be stereotypical or anti-stereotypical
Representations that can be found in TV Drama:
Representations can be show through the 4 areas of contextual analysis
These are:
SHOTS
Shots: establishing shot, master shot, close-up, mid-shot, long shot, wide shot, two shot, aerial shot, P.O.V, over the shoulder shot, and variations of these.
Angle: high angle shot, low angle, Dutch angle
Movement: pan, tilt, track, dolly, crane, steadicam, hand-held, zoom, reverse zoom
Composition: framing, rule of thirds, depth of field-deep and shallow focus, focus pull.
EDITING
Cutting: shot reverse shot: eye line match, graphic match, action match, jump cut, cross-cutting, parallel editing, cutaway.
Other Transitions: dissolve, fade in, fade out, wipe, superimposition, long take, short take, slow motion, ellipsis, expansion of time, postproduction, visual effects
SOUND:
Soundtrack: score, incidental music, themes and stings, ambient sound:
MISE-EN-SCENE
Production design: location, studio, set design, costume and makeup, properties.
Lighting: colour design, brightness, intensity, colour, shadow
Representation can also be present in the narrative of the TV drama. For example, one might be able to infer something about a characters’ class based on the quality of the area they live in.
Representation in media can be both positive and negative and can be stereotypical or anti-stereotypical
Representations that can be found in TV Drama:
- Ethnicity
- Gender
- Sexuality
- Relational Identity
- Ability/Disability
- Age
- Class
Representations can be show through the 4 areas of contextual analysis
These are:
- Camera shots, angles. Movement and composition
- Editing
- Sound
- Mise-en-scene
SHOTS
Shots: establishing shot, master shot, close-up, mid-shot, long shot, wide shot, two shot, aerial shot, P.O.V, over the shoulder shot, and variations of these.
Angle: high angle shot, low angle, Dutch angle
Movement: pan, tilt, track, dolly, crane, steadicam, hand-held, zoom, reverse zoom
Composition: framing, rule of thirds, depth of field-deep and shallow focus, focus pull.
EDITING
Cutting: shot reverse shot: eye line match, graphic match, action match, jump cut, cross-cutting, parallel editing, cutaway.
Other Transitions: dissolve, fade in, fade out, wipe, superimposition, long take, short take, slow motion, ellipsis, expansion of time, postproduction, visual effects
SOUND:
Soundtrack: score, incidental music, themes and stings, ambient sound:
- Diegetic and non-diegetic sound, synchronous/ asynchronous sound, sound effects, sound motif, sound bridge, dialogue, voiceover, mode of address/ direct address, sound mixing, sound perspective.
MISE-EN-SCENE
Production design: location, studio, set design, costume and makeup, properties.
Lighting: colour design, brightness, intensity, colour, shadow
Representation can also be present in the narrative of the TV drama. For example, one might be able to infer something about a characters’ class based on the quality of the area they live in.
SHOTS:
IMMIGRANTS - fast tracking shot (back of the house) shows rushed and chaotic lifestyle suggests they are poorer
WHITE - slower calm slow paced shots (front of house) shows more calm and relaxing lifestyle suggesting they are richer
WHITE - lower angle shows pain
AFRICAN - many close ups lets audience see their pain
SOUND:
AFRICAN - sad music represents them as having a sad and tragic life make the audience feel empathetic
BACK - when the camera is in the back, there is jumpy music, suggesting that they live a very hectic and busy life
FRONT - when the camera is showing the front there is calm music suggesting the white people live a very easy life
MISE-EN-SCENE:
AFRICAN - all dressed as cleaners
IMMIGRANTS - all in dark dingy conditions (back of house)
WHITE - in nice expensive setting with good lighting (front of house)
IMMIGRANTS - fast tracking shot (back of the house) shows rushed and chaotic lifestyle suggests they are poorer
WHITE - slower calm slow paced shots (front of house) shows more calm and relaxing lifestyle suggesting they are richer
WHITE - lower angle shows pain
AFRICAN - many close ups lets audience see their pain
SOUND:
AFRICAN - sad music represents them as having a sad and tragic life make the audience feel empathetic
BACK - when the camera is in the back, there is jumpy music, suggesting that they live a very hectic and busy life
FRONT - when the camera is showing the front there is calm music suggesting the white people live a very easy life
MISE-EN-SCENE:
AFRICAN - all dressed as cleaners
IMMIGRANTS - all in dark dingy conditions (back of house)
WHITE - in nice expensive setting with good lighting (front of house)
SHOTS:
MEN - close up of them looking confused after the woman is shown to be in parliament
MEN - shaking hand held tracking shot suggests men are busy
WOMEN - straight shot suggest she is calm
WOMEN - close up of clenching hands shows she is angry
SOUND:
MEN - speak calmly
WOMEN - has to yell to get her point across
MEN - dominate most of the speaking in the courtroom
MISE-EN-SCENE:
MEN - are all wearing suits
WOMAN - wearing a smart dress
MEN - mainly men in the room/s with only one woman
WOMAN - different clothing singles her out
EDITING:
MEN - quick cuts between the men
WOMEN - slow shots suggests she is considering things - suggests she is intelligent
WOMEN - she dominates screen time
MEN - even though most of the characters are male, Margaret dominates screen tim showing how she is the most important
MEN - close up of them looking confused after the woman is shown to be in parliament
MEN - shaking hand held tracking shot suggests men are busy
WOMEN - straight shot suggest she is calm
WOMEN - close up of clenching hands shows she is angry
SOUND:
MEN - speak calmly
WOMEN - has to yell to get her point across
MEN - dominate most of the speaking in the courtroom
MISE-EN-SCENE:
MEN - are all wearing suits
WOMAN - wearing a smart dress
MEN - mainly men in the room/s with only one woman
WOMAN - different clothing singles her out
EDITING:
MEN - quick cuts between the men
WOMEN - slow shots suggests she is considering things - suggests she is intelligent
WOMEN - she dominates screen time
MEN - even though most of the characters are male, Margaret dominates screen tim showing how she is the most important
SHOTS:
BUILDERS - low angle shots are used while looking at the builders emphasizes the huge build and shows their masculinity
GAY - high angle shots are used to suggest that the gay men are weaker and lesser than the builders
GAY - many different types and angles and shots are used tho highlight all of the different types of gay people
SOUND:
VOICES - the voices of the builders are very deep and masculine
VOICES - the voices of the gay men are higher pitched and stereotypically more gay
MUSIC - the music in the gay bar is very 'hype' and techno
BATHROOMS - while in the bathrooms the music dyes down suggesting it is a safer place / a rest from the club
BUS - when he gets off the bus the music dulls down and mellows . this shows he is contemplating whether he wants to be seen as gay or not
MISE-EN-SCENE:
BUILDERS - wearing stereotypical builders clothes, a hi-vis, a t-shirt and a pair of jeans
GAY - wearing very bright colored and exciting clothes. suggests they are very flamboyant and energetic
GAY BAR - obviously a a gay bar. Flashing lights, male strippers and dancing.
THIEF - wearing a dark hoodie that hides his facial features contrasts the gay people and shows he is straight
EDITING:
QUICK - very quick snappy shots are used in the club environment to show how the gay bar is very energetic
SLOW - slowly changing shots of the builders at the beginning suggests that the builders live quite a monotonous life
SLOW-MO - the use of a slow mo shot in the bathroom is used to build suspense and it suggests that something bad is going to happen
BUILDERS - low angle shots are used while looking at the builders emphasizes the huge build and shows their masculinity
GAY - high angle shots are used to suggest that the gay men are weaker and lesser than the builders
GAY - many different types and angles and shots are used tho highlight all of the different types of gay people
SOUND:
VOICES - the voices of the builders are very deep and masculine
VOICES - the voices of the gay men are higher pitched and stereotypically more gay
MUSIC - the music in the gay bar is very 'hype' and techno
BATHROOMS - while in the bathrooms the music dyes down suggesting it is a safer place / a rest from the club
BUS - when he gets off the bus the music dulls down and mellows . this shows he is contemplating whether he wants to be seen as gay or not
MISE-EN-SCENE:
BUILDERS - wearing stereotypical builders clothes, a hi-vis, a t-shirt and a pair of jeans
GAY - wearing very bright colored and exciting clothes. suggests they are very flamboyant and energetic
GAY BAR - obviously a a gay bar. Flashing lights, male strippers and dancing.
THIEF - wearing a dark hoodie that hides his facial features contrasts the gay people and shows he is straight
EDITING:
QUICK - very quick snappy shots are used in the club environment to show how the gay bar is very energetic
SLOW - slowly changing shots of the builders at the beginning suggests that the builders live quite a monotonous life
SLOW-MO - the use of a slow mo shot in the bathroom is used to build suspense and it suggests that something bad is going to happen
SHOTS:
POV SHOT - used to show doc has power over the dog
TRACKING - to show how how is in a rush
SOUND:
CORNWALL - bouncy / upbeat music that speeds up when chaos creates a comedic atmosphere
FOLLY SOUNDS - as the chaos increases, more sounds are added
MUSIC - upbeat music shows how out of place the man is - comedic effect
MISE-EN-SCENE:
CORNWALL - wearing casual warm clothes - working
LONDON - wearing a suit and very smart looking making him stand out and out of place
BAG - bag is used as a dog lead for comedic effect
VEG - woman with vegetables suggests working class
EDITING:
LONDON - quick shots suggests he very busy
CORNWALL - slow shots suggests they are more laid back
CORNWALL - smooth shots suggest a smoother and less hectic life
POV SHOT - used to show doc has power over the dog
TRACKING - to show how how is in a rush
SOUND:
CORNWALL - bouncy / upbeat music that speeds up when chaos creates a comedic atmosphere
FOLLY SOUNDS - as the chaos increases, more sounds are added
MUSIC - upbeat music shows how out of place the man is - comedic effect
MISE-EN-SCENE:
CORNWALL - wearing casual warm clothes - working
LONDON - wearing a suit and very smart looking making him stand out and out of place
BAG - bag is used as a dog lead for comedic effect
VEG - woman with vegetables suggests working class
EDITING:
LONDON - quick shots suggests he very busy
CORNWALL - slow shots suggests they are more laid back
CORNWALL - smooth shots suggest a smoother and less hectic life
SHOTS:
BLURRY SHOT - a blurry shot is used to show how Ben's perspective is distorted
FISH EYE - a fish eye shot used to show how Ben's perspective is distorted
OVERHEAD SHOT - the opening shot shows how both the brothers are in the same situation
CU - close up shots used to show the boys emotions
SOUND:
VOICE OVERS - a voice over used to show the perspective of the brother
BUS SCENE - sad music is switched to when ben gets on the bus so the audience feels sympathetic
MUSIC - the soundtrack is ironic as it is a happy tune when the underlying story is actually quite sad
MISE-EN-SCENE:
SMALL ROOM - shows how the boys are 'trapped' with each other
MESS - opening shot shows how ben is a very messy person where as the brother is a very tidy and well kept person
OUTFITS - Ben is wearing clothes that are a bit scruffy and his shirt is not tucked in
OUTFITS - the brother is wearing a smart and tidy attire
SMART - the brother is portrayed as smart as he is drawing whilst also listening to the teacher. also he can answer questions sophisticatedly
EDITING:
OLD VIDEO - the opening old video reinforces the brothers idea that not everyone is born the same way
MONTAGE EDITING - the use of montage editing reinforces the brothers idea that ben is irritating
BLURRY SHOT - a blurry shot is used to show how Ben's perspective is distorted
FISH EYE - a fish eye shot used to show how Ben's perspective is distorted
OVERHEAD SHOT - the opening shot shows how both the brothers are in the same situation
CU - close up shots used to show the boys emotions
SOUND:
VOICE OVERS - a voice over used to show the perspective of the brother
BUS SCENE - sad music is switched to when ben gets on the bus so the audience feels sympathetic
MUSIC - the soundtrack is ironic as it is a happy tune when the underlying story is actually quite sad
MISE-EN-SCENE:
SMALL ROOM - shows how the boys are 'trapped' with each other
MESS - opening shot shows how ben is a very messy person where as the brother is a very tidy and well kept person
OUTFITS - Ben is wearing clothes that are a bit scruffy and his shirt is not tucked in
OUTFITS - the brother is wearing a smart and tidy attire
SMART - the brother is portrayed as smart as he is drawing whilst also listening to the teacher. also he can answer questions sophisticatedly
EDITING:
OLD VIDEO - the opening old video reinforces the brothers idea that not everyone is born the same way
MONTAGE EDITING - the use of montage editing reinforces the brothers idea that ben is irritating
SHOTS:
many close up shots are used in this clip, all used to show different emotions felt by different people. for example, a close up of the mum and dads face is used to show the disgust and shock that they are feeling when Steve walks in. this could suggest that people age are a lot more open with their thoughts and that they have higher expectations than normal younger people. furthermore, a tilt shot is used in the begging
SOUND:
in the beginning, a weird sound is used to create suspense and wonder on who Steve may be. furthermore, the loud bang of the door is used to signify the daughters entrance with her new boyfriend to ready the audience for his arrival. furthermore when the boyfriend enters the room, everything goes silent which is used to show the shock of the parents. lastly when the boyfriend is sitting down talking, in the silences between the talking, you can hear the clock ticking which is used to show the awkwardness in the room
MISE-EN-SCENE:
in the beginning we see the family sitting down on a very luxurious sofa surrounded by golden objects. this could be used to signify that with age come money. furthermore, Steve can be seen wearing a suit which could be used to show that he has money and that he is a successful young man. however the parents are not and instead are wearing very outdated clothes which could suggest that they are not with the times and ore old and not following the media as much as younger people tend to do
EDITING:
when the parents meet Steve they use a shot using the rule of thirds. this could be used to signify the divide in the people showing how age can separate people. even though Steve does not look very much younger than them, they still dislike him. moreover, when Steve and the dad are talking together the movie is very fast passed, cutting between the charters very fast which could create a tense atmosphere and show how age can separate people.
many close up shots are used in this clip, all used to show different emotions felt by different people. for example, a close up of the mum and dads face is used to show the disgust and shock that they are feeling when Steve walks in. this could suggest that people age are a lot more open with their thoughts and that they have higher expectations than normal younger people. furthermore, a tilt shot is used in the begging
SOUND:
in the beginning, a weird sound is used to create suspense and wonder on who Steve may be. furthermore, the loud bang of the door is used to signify the daughters entrance with her new boyfriend to ready the audience for his arrival. furthermore when the boyfriend enters the room, everything goes silent which is used to show the shock of the parents. lastly when the boyfriend is sitting down talking, in the silences between the talking, you can hear the clock ticking which is used to show the awkwardness in the room
MISE-EN-SCENE:
in the beginning we see the family sitting down on a very luxurious sofa surrounded by golden objects. this could be used to signify that with age come money. furthermore, Steve can be seen wearing a suit which could be used to show that he has money and that he is a successful young man. however the parents are not and instead are wearing very outdated clothes which could suggest that they are not with the times and ore old and not following the media as much as younger people tend to do
EDITING:
when the parents meet Steve they use a shot using the rule of thirds. this could be used to signify the divide in the people showing how age can separate people. even though Steve does not look very much younger than them, they still dislike him. moreover, when Steve and the dad are talking together the movie is very fast passed, cutting between the charters very fast which could create a tense atmosphere and show how age can separate people.
SHOTS:
at the begging a panning shot is used to show the audience the house showing a very fancy and very expensive looking house with a lot of sports cars out front and a fountain. moreover, after getting out their cars, a fast paced panning shot is used, with a lot of people trying to get their autograph in the background. this shows their relevance and class in the world around them.
SOUND:
when in the car, the men are listening to very funky/trendy music of the time which could suggest the are considered 'cool' by other people and may be of higher class. also, this music also suggests that their lives are a bit hectic but also very fun and that a lot of energy is needed to live their lives the way that they do.
MISE-EN-SCENE:
in the beginning of the clip, the characters can be seen wearing very fancy/expensive clothing. furthermore the inside of the footballers houses are very expensive looking which could suggest they are upper class. when parking with their sports cars, they have other people parked nearby in less expensive cars, suggesting the other people are of lower class. lastly, at the begging the woman is in the news suggesting she is seen as relevant.
EDITING:
at the beginning, when on the footballers, are at home, each shot lasts quite a long time which could suggest the footballers live an easier life. furthermore the shots are very smooth which further suggests this idea of their lives being quite easy and that they do not have to overpass many obstacles in life.
at the begging a panning shot is used to show the audience the house showing a very fancy and very expensive looking house with a lot of sports cars out front and a fountain. moreover, after getting out their cars, a fast paced panning shot is used, with a lot of people trying to get their autograph in the background. this shows their relevance and class in the world around them.
SOUND:
when in the car, the men are listening to very funky/trendy music of the time which could suggest the are considered 'cool' by other people and may be of higher class. also, this music also suggests that their lives are a bit hectic but also very fun and that a lot of energy is needed to live their lives the way that they do.
MISE-EN-SCENE:
in the beginning of the clip, the characters can be seen wearing very fancy/expensive clothing. furthermore the inside of the footballers houses are very expensive looking which could suggest they are upper class. when parking with their sports cars, they have other people parked nearby in less expensive cars, suggesting the other people are of lower class. lastly, at the begging the woman is in the news suggesting she is seen as relevant.
EDITING:
at the beginning, when on the footballers, are at home, each shot lasts quite a long time which could suggest the footballers live an easier life. furthermore the shots are very smooth which further suggests this idea of their lives being quite easy and that they do not have to overpass many obstacles in life.